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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ar/u face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"or face="Times New Roman Star"или face="Times New Roman Star"azu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"azu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"azy face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 280. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kasyrku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"вихрь face="Times New Roman Star"qasyrqu (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) qasyrqa (Houts. ), qasurg|a (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gasyrg|a face="Times New Roman Star"kozъrga face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"qa'syrg|y face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240, ЭСТЯ 5, 332, Лексика 43, Ашм. VII, 20. Chuvash has an irregular form with initial k- (*x- would be expected). But it can hardly be a borrowing from Volga-Kypchak languages. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlka face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hammer face="Times New Roman Star"молоток face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"balg|a face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 61, ЭСТЯ 2, 57-58. Turk. > Mong. balg|u, balig (KW 31). face="Times New Roman Star"*ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to stiffen face="Times New Roman Star"неметь, цепенеть face="Times New Roman Star"ujyrqan- joqurqan- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"u>jy-, u>jys?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujus?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"u>ju>-, u>ju>s?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujvas?- face="Times New Roman Star"ujy- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 582, ДТС 608. face="Times New Roman Star"*ilme face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree face="Times New Roman Star"1 осина 2 ильм, вяз face="Times New Roman Star"elma" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|lme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"elmen 1 face="Times New Roman Star"elme 1 face="Times New Roman Star"elme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 338, Егоров 78, Федотов 1, 194, Дмитриева 189, Лексика 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. ильм is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Егоров ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l&mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i_ule). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n|er/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 slime (on dishes) 2 mildew face="Times New Roman Star"1 налет, слизь (на стенках посуды) 2 плесень face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|u"s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ez 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|a"d| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 538. face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumb face="Times New Roman Star"палец, большой палец face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"irgek face="Times New Roman Star"ergek face="Times New Roman Star"erbex face="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg' face="Times New Roman Star"ergek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ЭСТЯ 1, 299, Лексика 253-255, Stachowski 47. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlbal face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a stone pillar erected on a grave face="Times New Roman Star"каменная колонна на могиле, истукан face="Times New Roman Star"balbal (Orkh., Yen.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 333. Borrowed (possibly from an unattested Bulgar source) in Old Russ. bolvanъ, Hung. ba/lva/ny 'stone idol' (suggestion of Melioranski, evidently preferable to the hypothesis of Korsch-Dmitriev < Pers. pahlava:n, see Шипова 84-85, Аникин 114). face="Times New Roman Star"*En face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 earmark (on domestic animals) 2 to make an earmark 3 to castrate face="Times New Roman Star"1 метка на ушах (домашних животных) 2 ставить метку на ушах 3 кастрировать face="Times New Roman Star"ene- 2 (MK ), 3 (MK - Kypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"enek 1, (dial.) en 1, ene- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ina"- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"en (Буд. ), in (Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"a"n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"in 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en 1, dial. ene- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"en 1 face="Times New Roman Star"in, ina"w 1 face="Times New Roman Star"en 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 177-278, EDT 166, 171. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ykanak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lock, pivot face="Times New Roman Star"засов, стержень face="Times New Roman Star"cyg|anak (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|anak, dial. c?a:naq (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"syg|anaq, dial. syg|ansaq face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 171. It is also necessary to note Kaz. s?ege, Kirgh. c?ege 'nail', possibly going back to the same root. face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ar-c?a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tethering post face="Times New Roman Star"коновязь face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?a (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?yn (folkl.) face="Times New Roman Star"sarc?yn (R - Soj.) face="Times New Roman Star"R 4, 336-337, VEWT 403 (suggesting a derivation from sar-, saru- 'to tie round' - which is also not excluded). face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ubar face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"variegated face="Times New Roman Star"пестрый face="Times New Roman Star"c?uwar face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/ ), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kelen|u" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"field mouse face="Times New Roman Star"мышь-полевка face="Times New Roman Star"kelegu" 'al-yarbu:' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki face="Times New Roman Star"kelen|u" (IM) face="Times New Roman Star"kelemis?, keler, keles face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 249, EDT 718, ЭСТЯ 5, 31, Лексика 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK ), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Цивьян 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective). face="Times New Roman Star"*elik face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"roebuck, wild goat face="Times New Roman Star"косуля (общее назв. и самка) face="Times New Roman Star"elik (OUygh. - YB ) face="Times New Roman Star"elik (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"elik (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) elik (Houts. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"il@k face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"elik 'чубарый олень' face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"ilek face="Times New Roman Star"elik face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 142, VEWT 40, ЭСТЯ 1, 265-266, Лексика 153. face="Times New Roman Star"*je.be- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 cemetery, grave 2 soul of the deceased 3 ghost 4 funeral face="Times New Roman Star"1 кладбище, могила 2 душа умершего 3 дух, привидение 4 похороны face="Times New Roman Star"ever 2 face="Times New Roman Star"nebeg 1, ib@r@g 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|va 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sibien 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?eveg 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 plane tree 2 gooseberry 3 asp tree 4 a k. of poplar face="Times New Roman Star"1 платан 2 крыжовник 3 осина 4 вид тополя face="Times New Roman Star"c?arun (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?arc?aj 2 (?) face="Times New Roman Star"s?arlan 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar terek 4 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, EDT 430, Дмитриева 1972, 186. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bundle 2 to bind, pack, wrap face="Times New Roman Star"1 связка 2 связывать, упаковывать, обматывать face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 1, c?ug|-la- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ug| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?olg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug| 'yoke' (Pav. C. ), c?ulg|a- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?u 1 (R ), s?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?u: 1, c?u:-la- 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"su: 'wrapper', su:-la:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hu:-la:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ug|la- 'to cover (with a blanket)' face="Times New Roman Star"c?u: 1, (South.) c?uq 'swaddle' (*c?uguk), c?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq 1, s?ulg|aw 'портянки' face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"syw 'placenta', solg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ulg|a- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?uw-maq-la- 2, s?ulg|a-n- 'обертываться портянками' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 119, EDT 405, 407, Stachowski 114. face="Times New Roman Star"*yc?-, *yc?-gyn- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to lose, disappear face="Times New Roman Star"терять(ся), пропадать face="Times New Roman Star"yc?g|yn- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yc?g|yn- (MK ), yc?- (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"yc?qyn- face="Times New Roman Star"yc?qyn- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ysxyn- face="Times New Roman Star"ys?qyn- face="Times New Roman Star"yc?qyn-, yqc?yn- face="Times New Roman Star"yhygyn- face="Times New Roman Star"ys?qyn- face="Times New Roman Star"yc?qyn- face="Times New Roman Star"ys?qyn- face="Times New Roman Star"ysqyn- face="Times New Roman Star"yc?xyn- face="Times New Roman Star"is?g|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 164, ЭСТЯ 1, 672-673, ДТС 216. face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)inc?gek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"milt, roe face="Times New Roman Star"икра face="Times New Roman Star"inc?i, jince| (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"iskex face="Times New Roman Star"istek face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 172, 203, Лексика 151, Stachowski 129. face="Times New Roman Star"*gErtme face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pear face="Times New Roman Star"груша face="Times New Roman Star"germes?ik 'cornus sanguinea' face="Times New Roman Star"kertme 'яблоко, груша' (OKypch.: AH , Houts. , CCum .), kirni 'quince' face="Times New Roman Star"kertpe face="Times New Roman Star"kertme face="Times New Roman Star"gertme face="Times New Roman Star"gertme face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 257. Perhaps < *gu"rt-me, cf. the attested OT (MK -Osm., see EDT 738) ku"rt 'mountain tree for making bows, Pyrus'; (AH) ku"rt 'quince'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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